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    Home » Metals and Non-Metals Class 10 – Important Points

    Metals and Non-Metals Class 10 – Important Points

    Dr. Vikas JasrotiaBy Dr. Vikas JasrotiaOctober 9, 2022Updated:October 9, 2022No Comments
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    Metals and Non-Metals Class 10 – Important Points

    The post Metals and Non-Metals Class 10 – Important Points is about the summary of the whole chapter Metals and Non-Metals Class 10.

    • Metals are lustrous, malleable, ductile and have high density.
    • Metals are generally good conductors of heat and electricity.
    • Metals form positive ions by losing electrons.
    • All metals combine with oxygen to form metal oxides.
    • Metal oxides are basic in nature.
    • Metals react with chlorine to form electrovalent chloride of metals.
    • Metals like Li, Na and Ca form hydrides with hydrogen.
    • There are metal-bearing substances below the earth’s surface which are called Minerals.
    • The minerals from which metals can be obtained profitably are called Ores.
    • Flux is a substance added to the furnace charge to remove non-fusible impurities present in the ore.
    • Flux combines with the non-fusible impurity to convert it into a fusible substance known as Slag.
    • Nonmetals are generally bad conductors of heat and electricity.
    • All nonmetals are electronegative.
    • The function of limestone in the extraction of iron is to provide calcium oxide (CaO) for the formation of the slag CaSiO3.
    • Alloy steels are prepared by adding a small quantity of nickel, cobalt, chromium, tungsten, molybdenum, manganese or silicon to steel.
    • The heating of steel to redness and then cooling it slowly is called the Tempering of steel.
    • Rusting of iron is an oxidation reaction which occurs in the presence of air and water.
    • Aluminium is the most abundant metal in the earth’s crust.
    • The process of extracting metals from their ores and refining them for use is called Metallurgy.
    • The unwanted materials present in an ore are called Gangue.
    • Froth floatation is a method used for the concentration of some ores.
    • Calcination is the process of heating an ore strongly so that volatile impurities are removed.
    • Roasting is the process of heating ore in a controlled supply of air at a controlled temperature.
    • Smelting is the process of obtaining metals from their compounds.
    • Bauxite is an ore from which aluminium metal is commercially obtained.
    • The most important are of aluminium is bauxite (Al2O3.2H2O).
    • The slow destruction of metals by the action of air, carbon dioxide, moisture, etc., is known as the corrosion of metals.
    • An alloy consists of two or more metals, or a metal and a nonmetal. Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc.
    • The property of an element to exist in two or more, different forms is known as allotropy.
    • The most important ore of copper is copper pyrite (CuFeS2).
    • Copper when heated in air at 300°C forms cupric oxide (CuO), while at 1000°C forms cuprous oxide (Cu2O).
    • Silver does not react with water and hydrochloric acid. It, however, reacts with nitric acid to produce NO2
    • Gold dissolves in aqua regia. Aqua regia is a mixture of conc. hydrochloric acid and conc. nitric acid in the volume ratio of 3:1.
    • Lead on rubbing leaves a mark on the paper. Lead is the poorest conductor of heat.
    • When heated with a concentrated solution of sodium hydroxide, Zinc gives off hydrogen gas, while sodium zincate is left in the solution.
    • Sulphur is used in the vulcanization of rubber.
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