Organic Chemistry Distinguish Tests

 

Organic Chemistry Distinguish Tests

Distinguish between

1. (C₂H₅)₂​NH and (CH₃)₃​NH
i). Add HNO₂​. (C₂H₅)₂​NH will form a yellow oily compound, whereas (CH₃)₃​NH will form salt soluble in water.
(C₂H₅)₂​NH​ + HNO₂ ​ → (C₂​H₅​)₂​N−N=O
diethylamine                N − nitrosodiethylamine​
(Yellow oily liquid)​

ii). Alternatively, add Hinsberg’s reagent (C₂H₅)₂​NH will form compounds soluble in KOH, whereas (CH₃)₃​NH will not react.

2. C₆H₅NH₂ and C₆H₅-NH-CH₃

i). C₆H₅NH₂ Will give Carbylamine test (primary amine) – in addition with chloroform and KOH, C₆H₅NH₂will give offensive smelling compound.

3. To distinguish Primary, secondary and tertiary amine:

i). Hinsberg test:

ii). Nitrous acid test:

4. Aniline and Ethylamine: On adding benzene diazonium chloride, aniline forms yellow azo dye, whereas ethyl amine does not.

5. Aniline and Benzyl amine: On adding benzene diazonium chloride, aniline forms yellow azo dye, whereas Benzyl amine does not.

6. Methylamine and Dimethylamine: Carbylamine test Methylamine would give a carbylamine test but dimethylamine does not.                                                        

7. Ethanal and Propanal: Iodoform Test Add I₂ and NaOH, Ethanal will give yellow ppt. of iodoform, whereas Propanal will not react.                                                                      8. Phenol and Benzoic acid: Add NaHCO₃ solution to each of them Phenol will not react whereas Benzoic acid will give brisk effervescence due to carbon dioxide.                             

9. Benzaldehyde and Acetophenone: Iodoform Test Add I₂ and NaOH, Acetophenone will give yellow ppt. of iodoform, whereas Benzaldehyde will not react.

10. Benzoic acid and ethyl benzoate: Add NaHCO₃ solution to each of them ethyl benzoate will not react whereas Benzoic acid will give brisk effervescence due to carbon dioxide.

11. Propanal and Propanone: Iodoform Test: Add I₂ and NaOH, Propanone will give yellow ppt. of iodoform, whereas Propanal will not react.

12. Benzophenone and Acetophenone: Iodoform Test Add I₂ and NaOH, Acetophenone will give yellow ppt. of iodoform, whereas Benzophenone will not react.

13. Pentan-2-one and Pentan-3-one: Iodoform Test Add I₂ and NaOH, Pentan-2-one will give yellow ppt. of iodoform, whereas Pentan-3-one will not react.

14. Propanoyl chloride and Propanoic acid: Add NaHCO₃ solution to each of them Propanoyl chloride will not react whereas propanoic acid will give brisk effervescence due to carbon dioxide.

15. Benzaldehyde and Ethanal: Iodoform Test Add I₂ and NaOH, Ethanal will give yellow ppt. of iodoform, whereas Benzaldehyde will not react.

16. Propanal and Butan-2-one: Iodoform Test Add I₂ and NaOH, Butan-2-one will give yellow ppt. of iodoform, whereas propanal will not react.

17. Benzaldehyde and Benzoic acid: Add NaHCO₃ solution to each of them. Benzaldehyde will not react whereas Benzoic acid will give brisk effervescence due to carbon dioxide.

18. Benzoic acid and methyl benzoate: Add NaHCO₃ solution to each of them methylbenzoate will not react whereas Benzoic acid will give brisk effervescence due to carbon dioxide.

19. Acetic Acid and formic acid: Add Fehling’s solution. Formic acid will form a brick-red precipitate, whereas Acetic acid will not react.

20. Ethanoic acid and Methanoic acid: Add Tollen’s reagent to each of them. Methanoic acid will form a silver mirror whereas Ethanoic acid will not react with Tollen’s reagent.

21. Ethanol and Phenol: FeCl₃ Test: Add neutral FeCl₃. Phenol gives violet colour, ethanol does not.

22. Methanol and propan-2-ol: Iodoform Test Add I₂ and NaOH, Propan-2-ol will give yellow ppt. of iodoform, whereas Methanol will not react.

23. Phenol and Cyclohexanol: FeCl₃ Test Add neutral FeCl₃. Phenol gives violet colour, Cyclohexanol does not.

24. Pentan-2-ol and Pentan-3-ol: Iodoform Test: Add I₂ and NaOH, Pentan-2-ol will give yellow ppt. of iodoform, whereas Pentan-3-ol will not react.

25. Propanol and 2-methylpropan-2-ol:

26. n-propyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol: Iodoform Test Add I₂ and NaOH, Isopropyl alcohol will give yellow ppt. of iodoform, whereas n-propyl alcohol will not react.

27. Phenol and Benzyl alcohol: FeCl₃ Test: Add neutral FeCl₃. Phenol gives violet colour, Benzyl alcohol does not.

28. Phenol and 1-Propanol: FeCl₃ test: Add neutral FeCl₃. Phenol gives violet colour, 1-propanol does not.

29. Ethanol and Diethyl ether: Iodoform Test Add I₂ and NaOH, Ethanol will give yellow ppt. of iodoform, whereas Diethyl ether will not react.

30. Chlorobenzene and Benzyl Chloride: AgNO₃ Test: Benzyl chloride on reaction with ethanol followed by AgNO₃ will give white ppts whereas chlorobenzene does not.

30. Chloroform and Carbon Tetrachloride: Isocyanide Test Add aniline and alc. KOH, chloroform will give a foul smell of Isocyanide whereas carbon tetrachloride does not.

Summary of The various Chemical Tests

 

 

 

Organic Chemistry Distinguish Tests