Facebook Twitter Instagram
    ScienceMotive
    • Class 9
      • Matter in Our Surroundings
      • Is Matter Around Us Pure
      • Atoms and Molecules
      • Structure of the Atom
      • The Fundamental Unit of Life
    • Class 10
      • Chemistry
    • Class 11
      • Chemisrty
        • Chapter – 1 Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry
        • Chapter – 2 Structure Of Atom
        • Chapter – 3 Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties
        • Chapter – 4 Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure
        • Chapter – 5 States of Matter
        • Chapter – 6 Thermodynamics
        • Chapter – 7 Equilibrium
        • Chapter – 8 Redox Reaction
        • Chapter – 10 s-Block Elements
        • Chapter – 13 Hydrocarbons
    • Class 12
      • Chemistry
        • The Solid State
        • Solutions
        • Electrochemistry
        • Chemical Kinetics
        • Surface Chemistry
        • p – Block Elements
        • d & f Block Elements
        • Coordination Compounds
        • Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
        • Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers
        • Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids
        • Amines
        • Biomolecules
        • Polymers
        • Chemistry in Everyday Life
    • Practice Questions
      • +1
      • +2
    • Test Series
      • Class 9 Test Series
      • Class 10 Test Series
      • Class 11 Test Series
      • Class 12 Test Series
    • World
      • Current Affairs
      • General Knowledge
    ScienceMotive
    Home » Ligands and Classification of Ligands

    Ligands and Classification of Ligands

    Dr. Vikas JasrotiaBy Dr. Vikas JasrotiaOctober 12, 2021No Comments
    Share
    Facebook WhatsApp Telegram Twitter Email

    Ligands and Classification of Ligands

    Ligands and Classification of Ligands

    Ligands: The ions or neutral molecules bound to the central atom/ion in the coordination entity are called ligands. For a species to act as a ligand, it can donate at least one pair of electrons to the central atom. The atom of the ligand which is directly bonded to the central atom or ion is called a coordinating atom or donor atom. Examples for ligands are Cl–, Br–, F–, I–, OH–, CN–, NC–, CNO–, NCO–, SO42-, NO3–, CNS–, H2O, NH3, CO, etc.

    Types of ligands Based on the number of donor atoms the ligands are classified as follows:

    a) Monodentate or unidentate ligand: A ligand that binds to the central atom/ ion through a single donor atom, is said to be a unidentate ligand. E.g.: Cl–, Br–, I–, OH–, H2O, NH3, CN–, NC–, SCN–

    b) Bidentate (Didentate) ligands: A ligand that binds to the central atom through two donor atoms is called a bidentate ligand. E.g.: Ethane-1,2-diamine or ethylenediamine (H2NCH2CH2NH2) notated as ‘en’ and oxalate ion (C2O42–) notated as ‘ox’.

    c) Polydentate ligand: A ligand that binds to the central atom through more than two donor atoms is called a polydentate ligand. E.g.: Triethylamine ammonia [N(CH2-CH2-NH2)3], Ethylenediamine tetraacetate ion (EDTA4–), etc. Ethylenediamine tetraacetate ion (EDTA4–) is an important hexadentate ligand. It can bind through two nitrogen and four oxygen atoms to a central metal ion. Ethylenediamine tetraacetate ion (EDTA4–).

    Ligands are also classified as:

    a) Ambidentate ligands: They are unidentate ligands that contain more than one donor atom. They can coordinate through two different atoms. Examples of such ligands are the NO2–, CN–, SCN–, CNO– NO2– ion can coordinate either through nitrogen or through an oxygen atom to the central metal atom/ion.

    If the donor atom is N, it is written as NO2– and is called nitrito (N) and if it is O, it is written as ONO– and is called nitrito(O). Similarly, SCN– ion can coordinate either through sulphur atom (←SCN – thiocyanato) or through nitrogen atom (←NCS – isothiocyanato).

    b) Chelating Ligands: Di- or polydentate ligands can bind to the central atom through two or more donor atoms and form ring complexes. Such complexes are called chelates and such types of ligands are said to be chelating ligands. Chelation is only possible from cis positions. Complexes containing chelating ligands are more stable than those containing unidentate ligands. For e.g. the complex [Co(en)3]3+ is a chelate and ethane-1,2-diamine (en) is a chelating ligand.

    Ligands and Classification of LigandsLigands and Classification of Ligands

    Advertisement
    Ligands and Classification of Ligands
    Share. Facebook Twitter Pinterest LinkedIn Tumblr Email
    Dr. Vikas Jasrotia
    • Website

    Related Posts

    CBSE Sample Paper Session 2022-23 (Chemistry) PDF

    September 16, 2022

    Haloalkanes and Haloarenes Class 12 – Questions & Answers

    August 2, 2022

    CBSE Important Questions Electrochemistry

    March 16, 2022

    Leave A Reply Cancel Reply

    READ ALSO

    Carbon and Its Compounds

    January 23, 2023

    An element X (atomic number = 17) reacts with an element Y (atomic number = 20) to form a divalent halide.

    January 10, 2023

    General Science Questions and Answers PDF

    October 20, 2022

    When Conc. H2SO4 was added to an unknown salt in a test tube, and a brown gas (A) was evolved. This gas intensified when copper turnings were added to the test tube. On cooling gas (A) changed into a colorless gas (B). Identify the gases ‘A’ and ‘B’. Write the equations for the reactions involved.

    October 19, 2022

    Carbon and Its Compounds

    By Dr. Vikas JasrotiaJanuary 23, 2023

    CARBON AND ITS COMPOUNDS Carbon plays a very important role for all living beings. The…

    Class 10

    An element X (atomic number = 17) reacts with an element Y (atomic number = 20) to form a divalent halide.

    By Dr. Vikas JasrotiaJanuary 10, 2023

    Que. An element X (atomic number = 17) reacts with an element Y (atomic number…

    General Knowledge

    General Science Questions and Answers PDF

    By Dr. Vikas JasrotiaOctober 20, 2022

    General Science Questions and Answers PDF General Science Questions and Answers PDF Que 1. Which…

    Advertisement
    Advertisement
    Facebook Twitter Instagram Pinterest YouTube
    • Disclaimer
    • Contact Us
    • Privacy Policy 
    • Terms and Conditions
    © 2023 All Rights Reserved ScienceMotive.

    Type above and press Enter to search. Press Esc to cancel.